Das Kupfer, aus dem Ötzis Beil gemacht wurde, stammt aus dem toskanischen Erzgbirge.
"25 years after the discovery in the Ötztal Italian Alps, the 5,300-year-old mummy keeps providing key information on human biological and medical conditions, aspects of everyday life and societal organization in the Copper Age. The hand axe found with the body of the Alpine Iceman is one of the rare copper objects that is firmly dated to the early Copper Age because of the radiocarbon dating of the axe wooden shaft. Here we report the measurement of the lead isotope ratios of the copper blade. The results unambiguously indicate that the source of the metal is the ore-rich area of Southern Tuscany, despite ample evidence that Alpine copper ore sources were known and exploited at the time. The experimental results are discussed within the framework of all the available coeval archaeometallurgical data in Central-Southern Europe: they show that the Alps were a neat cultural barrier separating distinct metal circuits. The direct evidence of raw metal or object movement between Central Italy and the Alps is surprising and provides a new perspective on long-distance relocation of goods and relationships between the early Copper Age cultures in the area. The result is in line with the recent investigations re-evaluating the timing and extent of copper production in Central Italy in the 4th millennium BC."
Long-distance connections in the Copper Age: New evidence from the Alpine Iceman’s copper axe
Gilberto Artioli , Ivana Angelini, Günther Kaufmann, Caterina Canovaro, Gregorio Dal Sasso, Igor Maria Villa
Published: July 5, 2017https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0179263
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article…
Und eine weitere Axt mit der selben Herkunft wurde in der Schweiz gefunden.
"The copper axe blade discovered in the pile dwelling site of Zug-Riedmatt is one of the few Neolithic copper axe blades in Europe that can be dated with certainty. The blade’s form and its metal composition suggest that it is connected both to the south – morespecically to Copper Age cultures in northern Italy and southern Tuscany – and to the copper axe of the famous ice mummy of Tisenjoch (called ‘the Iceman’ or ‘Ötzi’). We were able to conrm this connection to the south by measuring the lead isotope composition of the blade, which traces the blade’s origin to Southern Tuscany. Due to these links to the south, the copper axe blade of Zug-Riedmatt can be described as a key to understanding Neolithic metallurgy north of the Alps in the second half of the fourth millennium BC. As the classication of the blade will have far-reaching consequences in regard to chronology and cultural history, we have decided to make the results of our analyses available as quickly as possible – even if this means that for now we can only discuss some basic results and assumptions about the blade’s context."
https://www.academia.edu/…/The_copper_axe_blade_of_Zug-Ried…
